{"id":2582,"date":"2024-12-25T12:49:35","date_gmt":"2024-12-25T12:49:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magicart-delta.com\/?p=2582"},"modified":"2024-12-25T12:49:35","modified_gmt":"2024-12-25T12:49:35","slug":"%d1%81%d0%b8%d0%bc%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b0-%d0%b2-%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%bd%d0%be%d1%82%d0%be-%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%be%d1%80%d1%87%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magicart-delta.com\/it\/2024\/12\/25\/\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430-\u0432-\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e-\u043d\u0438-\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432-6\/","title":{"rendered":"Il simbolismo nella nostra arte popolare \u00e8 il PANE"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/magicart-delta.com\/it\/category\/\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e-\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e-\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435-\u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438-\u0438-\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434-\u043d\u0430\/\">&quot;Nessuno \u00e8 pi\u00f9 grande del pane!&quot;<\/a><\/strong> - questo nostro vecchio detto mostra chiaramente l&#039;atteggiamento della nostra gente nei confronti del pane. Lui, il pane, non \u00e8 percepito solo come cibo, ma come qualcosa di molto pi\u00f9 sacro. Esistono testimonianze scritte che nelle nostre terre il pane e il vino venivano onorati fin dall&#039;antichit\u00e0. Gi\u00e0 nell&#039;antichit\u00e0 qui veniva impastato il pane, che dopo la cottura diventava doppio. Lo stesso Erodoto rimase stupito dal fatto che i Traci conoscessero il pane lievitato, che raddoppiava sempre di dimensione. Anche i re intrattenevano i loro ospiti con pane e vino. I pani di argilla in miniatura scoperti, sepolti accanto alle case, parlano del culto del pane. E quando gli uomini sacrificavano agli dei le loro primizie, non le mettevano da nessuna parte, ma nella paglia di grano.<\/p>\n<p><strong> Il pane \u00e8 il sacrificio incruento sempre presente nei rituali bulgari. \u00c8 composto da grano, che \u00e8 un prodotto dell&#039;intervento umano, un prodotto della civilt\u00e0. Inoltre, per ottenere il pane, lo sottoponiamo ad un&#039;ulteriore lavorazione: prima la farina viene macinata, setacciata al setaccio, impastata, cotta... tutte queste attivit\u00e0 sono attivit\u00e0 nobilitanti e dimostrano come l&#039;uomo abbia superato la natura selvaggia, e ciascuna di queste azioni \u00e8 considerata sacra.<\/strong> Ecco perch\u00e9 il pane \u00e8 doppiamente santo. Gli antichi bulgari seguivano rigorosamente le leggi fondamentali non scritte riguardanti il pane: \u00a0<em>&quot;Il pane non si getta in un luogo sporco&quot;, &quot;Il pane non si d\u00e0 di nascosto&quot;<\/em> .<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2585\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2585\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2585\" src=\"https:\/\/magicart-delta.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/maxresdefault-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"torta solare\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magicart-delta.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/maxresdefault-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/magicart-delta.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/maxresdefault-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/magicart-delta.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/maxresdefault-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/magicart-delta.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/maxresdefault-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/magicart-delta.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/maxresdefault.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2585\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">torta solare<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Affinch\u00e9 il vostro pane diventi commestibile, passa attraverso un altro luogo importante e sacro: il focolare, il centro della casa, l&#039;altare del pane.<\/strong> Quando nasce un bambino o c&#039;\u00e8 un&#039;altra festa importante in casa, il pane viene sempre impastato. Secondo i linguisti, in Bokhar (antica Tracia) &quot;mesya&quot; significa &quot;partorire&quot;. Questo significato pass\u00f2 pi\u00f9 tardi all&#039;egiziano. &quot;Mes&quot; in egiziano significa &quot;nascita&quot; ed \u00e8 legato proprio al concetto di nascita.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"y014NqdyDM\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/magicart-delta.com\/it\/\u0444\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d-\u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a-\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e-\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e-\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435-\u043d\/\">Raccolta folcloristica &quot;C&#039;era una volta - costumi e visione del mondo dei bulgari&quot;<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&quot;C&#039;era una volta - costumi e visione del mondo della collezione folcloristica bulgara&quot; \u2014 La magia dell&#039;arte-parola, musica e danza\" src=\"https:\/\/magicart-delta.com\/%d1%84%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%ba%d0%bb%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%bd-%d1%81%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%ba-%d0%b8%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%be-%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%bd%d0%be-%d0%b2%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%bc%d0%b5-%d0%bd\/embed\/#?secret=gmeKtMbDVP#?secret=y014NqdyDM\" data-secret=\"y014NqdyDM\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pane a lievitazione naturale<\/strong> probabilmente usato solo in casi importanti. Richiedeva farina di qualit\u00e0 e tempo di lievitazione, il che significa che non veniva utilizzato nella vita di tutti i giorni. Ogni dettaglio nella preparazione del pane \u00e8 importante. Quando usavano il kvas per gonfiarsi, le persone attribuivano significato e desideravano la moltiplicazione delle cose buone. Il pane nuovo veniva sempre impastato con il lievito nuovo il giorno di Capodanno, preferibilmente da una fanciulla. E la tradizione degli sposi che mangiano il pane al matrimonio \u00e8 osservata ancora oggi. Anche nella comunione ecclesiale, il pane \u00e8 sacro: \u00e8 un simbolo del corpo di Dio e dell&#039;unione con Cristo.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2584\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2584\" style=\"width: 261px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2584\" src=\"https:\/\/magicart-delta.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/images.jpg\" alt=\"Cravatte natalizie\" width=\"261\" height=\"193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magicart-delta.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/images.jpg 261w, https:\/\/magicart-delta.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/images-16x12.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2584\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cravatte natalizie<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Il culto del pane tra i bulgari \u00e8 antico e molto prima del cristianesimo. Ancora oggi, in alcuni rituali, si accoglie l&#039;ospite con pane e sale, anche se non si sa pi\u00f9 con certezza cosa significhi. Gli antichi bulgari credevano che all&#039;interno della loro casa e tutto ci\u00f2 che apparteneva a loro fosse puro e santo. Quando arriva un estraneo, \u00e8 straniero e pu\u00f2 nuocere, inquinare. Pertanto, viene purificato ritualmente con pane e sale e solo allora gli \u00e8 permesso entrare, nel mondo sacro del proprietario.<\/p>\n<p>Sono documentate testimonianze di viaggiatori medievali secondo cui i bulgari uscivano e accoglievano i nuovi arrivati anche fuori dal villaggio, offrendo loro pane e sale e solo poi facendoli entrare. Al mendicante e allo zingaro viene dato il pane non attraverso la porta, ma attraverso la finestra. Cos\u00ec l&#039;ingresso all&#039;interno era protetto dalla contaminazione dell&#039;ignoto.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Oltre alla nascita, anche il pane gioca un ruolo importante nella morte.<\/strong> Alla morte viene bollito il grano, che \u00e8 pane non lavorato. \u00c8 un simbolo dell&#039;aldil\u00e0 e della resurrezione. Il chicco di grano \u00e8 il seme da cui nascono le spighe di grano: il SEME. I semi di grano vengono seminati su una nuova tomba e gettati agli sposi per la salute e la fertilit\u00e0. I rituali per gli antichi bulgari sono misti. Passano senza problemi dalla vita alla morte e viceversa.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2586\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2586\" style=\"width: 207px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2586\" src=\"https:\/\/magicart-delta.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/\u0411\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430-\u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430-\u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438-1-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"torta contorta\" width=\"207\" height=\"207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magicart-delta.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/\u0411\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430-\u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430-\u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/magicart-delta.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/\u0411\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430-\u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430-\u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/magicart-delta.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/\u0411\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430-\u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430-\u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438-1-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/magicart-delta.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/\u0411\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430-\u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430-\u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438-1.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 207px) 100vw, 207px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2586\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">torta contorta<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Ogni festivit\u00e0 ha il suo pane, con una specifica decorazione e forma.<\/strong> I pani sono vari. A Natale le donne impastano i biscotti, che sono simbolo del Sole, e il loro nome significa \u201ccerchio\u201d, \u201cruota\u201d. La torta di Capodanno \u00e8 la pi\u00f9 riccamente decorata. Tutto ci\u00f2 che gli agricoltori desiderano per il nuovo anno si chiama l\u00ec. La pita di Capodanno si chiama Bogovitsa, perch\u00e9 ogni anno il bulgaro rinnova il suo rapporto con Dio. Oltre ai soli e alle galline, alle spighe di grano e alla frutta, un ornamento irrinunciabile \u00e8 un cane da pastore con il bavaglio o tre cani. Si credeva che il cane fosse un guardiano tra i mondi e potesse passare liberamente attraverso le dimensioni senza essere catturato dalla magia. In questa pita vengono necessariamente riposte delle fortune, ma la fortuna pi\u00f9 grande \u00e8 avere un pezzo del pane comune, essere parte del clan e tutt&#039;uno con la famiglia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>La torta<\/strong> - Nel nostro Paese non a caso si produce un tipo di pane molto specifico e tradizionale <strong>Vita<\/strong>. Il turno \u00e8 <strong>simbolo dell&#039;infinito<\/strong> dell&#039;universo, simbolo che vediamo anche nel ritornello. Questo infinito ricorda che tutto \u00e8 transitorio e ripetibile.<\/p>\n<p>Il bulgaro ha intrecciato molto abilmente le sue antiche credenze con le usanze cristiane. La Pasqua \u00e8 il momento in cui celebriamo la Resurrezione, la vittoria sulla morte, su ci\u00f2 che \u00e8 terreno e limitato. E non \u00e8 un caso che durante la festa cristiana di Pasqua, i bulgari fin dall&#039;antichit\u00e0 impastano il kozunak, il pane rituale, che viene intrecciato in una treccia. E l&#039;intreccio con l&#039;estremit\u00e0 aperta \u00e8 un antico simbolo tracio dell&#039;eternit\u00e0. A Natale si onora il nuovo inizio, la continuazione della razza e dell&#039;umanit\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><em>\u00a9 2024 Iliana Dechkova<\/em><\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0&quot;Nessuno \u00e8 pi\u00f9 grande del pane!&quot; - questo nostro vecchio detto mostra chiaramente l&#039;atteggiamento della nostra gente nei confronti del pane. Lui, il pane, non \u00e8 percepito solo come cibo, ma come qualcosa di molto pi\u00f9 sacro. Esistono testimonianze scritte che nelle nostre terre il pane e il vino venivano onorati fin dall&#039;antichit\u00e0. Altro in... <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/magicart-delta.com\/it\/2024\/12\/25\/\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430-\u0432-\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e-\u043d\u0438-\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432-6\/\" class=\"more-link\">Leggi l&#039;articolo completo\u2192<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">&#8222;\u0421\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e &#8211; 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