Ренесансът и четирите открития, които промениха човешкия ум
В човешката история има няколко периода на възход на интелекта. Един от най-известните е Ренесансът. През този период наблюдаваме разцвет на интелектуални постижения във всички сфери. За около 150 години се раждат някои от най-големите фигури и се създават едни от най-великите постижения, които формират днешния свят. Ренесансовият човек е онзи, който владее широк кръг от дисциплини в науката и изкуството. А периодът на това възраждане се движи напред от няколко успешни постижения. Четири от тях оказват решаващо влияние за коренната промяна в света: печатарската преса, магнитният компас, телескопът и механичният часовник. Днес ние ги приемаме за даденост и не разбираме защо именно те са изиграли решаваща роля.
Let's start with the word. It is a tremendous power. Before the printing press, only a small part of the people had access to books, ideas and education. In the past, it was mainly the Church that had access to the scriptures and was able to impose unlimited control over people's thinking. As literacy and new ideas spread, the iron grip of the clergy gradually weakened. The printing of books unleashed people's appetite for literacy, and the word spread new ideas throughout the world.
It was during the Renaissance that the great ocean voyages began. And with them the discovery of new worlds and cultures. But these discoveries would not have been possible without new means of navigation such as the compass. This small instrument allows people to study the world in which they live. The other instrument through which man reaches the invisible world is the telescope. With the observations of the planets, new theories in science and mathematics also appear. And the mechanical clock created a completely new attitude towards time. The clock allows man to organize his time. However, it is important to maintain balance here. Because people no longer live according to the natural rhythm of nature, and this can be disastrous.
Кризата в съвременното образование: Защо спираме да създаваме?
Днешните ни представи за света са оформени от забележителни научни, технологични и културни постижения. Промени има и в начинът на образование и ограмотяване на хората. В миналото са съществували така наречените граматически училища. Те са били под влиянието на Църквата. Тя не е била единна професия, а портал към всички професии. С течение на времето се създават различни видове училища и светското образование набира сила. Но ако днешните образователни системи са били подходящи за някакъв период от време, то към днешна дата е очевидно, че не са актуални. Съвременните методи на оценяване не успяват да обхванат всички интелектуални дадености на индивида, а търсят определени видове способности. С приоритет са хората с академични способности. Останалите, които имат творчески дух, остават някак в сянка. Today's education emphasizes more on understanding the meaning of something.. And so we started to lose our skills in creating the same. In school we study hard how to write and analyze novels, but no one teaches us how to write a novel. In regular classes, children learn art theory or music, but no one teaches them how to draw or play the instrument. They can only learn practically if they take extra classes. At university, things go to a completely different extreme. They don't create art there, they write about it there. In practice, we look for ways to raise academic standards, but we don't realize how much they offer what we need.
Интелигентността като динамичен процес и силата на индивидуалността
The world is full of different creatures. And each of them lives in two parallel worlds. One is the inner world – that of consciousness, feelings and sensations. The other is the outer world, which was before us and will be after us. Two creatures inhabiting the same environment perceive it differently. For example, a jellyfish and a shark. Because of the differences in their sizes and sensory capabilities, they perceive the ocean differently. The same is true of humans. We perceive our surroundings based on our senses. If we could hear the sounds that bats hear or have the sharp vision of eagles, the world would be much different for us. But we humans differ in perceptions and expression and among ourselves. Some express themselves through words. Others cannot find the right words, but perceive or show themselves through sounds, body movements or pictures. The problem with modern education and assessment is this: instead of making people talk about a symphony, let's test them to see if they can create one. Instead of analyzing a poem, let's try to write one. Intelligence is not just about understanding something, but also about being able to create it.
In this line of thought, we cannot fail to mention people who are different from us. Those who, at first glance, have some kind of physical or mental disability. We usually focus on what they lack and do not notice those abilities and skills that are more developed. The fact is that blind people have much more sensitive hearing and sensory perceptions.
We all possess unique natural abilities. The important thing is to understand that they come in different forms. Because the mind is not a calculator, it is a dynamic process of consciousness. The creative process is not a separate ability. It thrives thanks to the dynamics and connection between different ways of thinking and being. Depending on the environment in which we live, we develop certain abilities of ours. But this does not mean that we do not have others. Children who grow up in the South Pacific are exceptional swimmers, because this is important for their physical survival. And children with parents of different nationalities calmly master two or even three foreign languages. Who has a higher intelligence? The correct answer here is not unambiguous.
The article is part of a master's thesis on the topic "Radical reform in education - individuality instead of unification" in Pedagogy to acquire the qualification "Teacher of Economic Disciplines" at IU - Varna, protected with Excellent
© 2026 Iliana Dechkova