I know the letters - exercises for early reading - The magic of art

Let's read quickly and easily

Today, we see the phrase "early childhood development" more and more often. Parents want to teach their children to read earlier and earlier. This will inevitably happen when they start school. However, to what extent is this useful and can early reading instruction harm a child?

The human brain develops gradually. Therefore, it is pointless and sometimes dangerous to stimulate those parts of it that are simply not yet ready for active functioning. The reading process involves sound analysis and synthesis, which is beyond the capabilities of a young child simply due to physiological development. Signs that a child is ready to learn to read. Active speech consists of whole sentences. Learning to read too early can even lead to delays in speech development. After all, at a time when the child's brain should work most actively on the formation of speech, the child adds sounds and syllables. The child already has developed phonemic hearing. The ability to isolate individual phonemes from the sound stream is formed up to about 5 years. To read, a child must be able to identify each sound in a word.

Neuroscientists note that children who learn "from the cradle" have problems with socialization, increased excitability and hyperactivity. In addition, very often such children quickly combine syllables into words and sentences, but at the same time they read mechanically, that is, without understanding the meaning of the text. As a result, the classic method of teaching reading through a primer is beginning to take its rightful place again.

So if you want to teach your child to read early, try, but don't force the process. Approach slowly and carefully.

Here we will help you with some tried and tested ways suitable for children from 3 to 7 years old. The goal is first for the children to learn to know the letters well and then merge them into syllables and words.

From birth to age 6, children's minds are like sponges. They literally absorb everything from their surroundings. This is the time when the little man grows not only physically, but also spiritually. Especially the first three years, when a person's personality is formed.

It has been proven that children perceive a word as a whole picture rather than as a combination of individual letters. For a child, letters are some complicated symbols with no meaning. It is best to work with the child when he is in a good mood, not hungry, sick or sleepy. And he wants to do it. Never forcefully.

Before starting your child's education, see what stages are best for him to go through. The stages are basically two. The first is pre-literacy, where, according to the age of the child, you should introduce him to the concepts of text, sentence, word, syllable, sound. Next comes the letter stage, where he learns about letters and their sounds, reading monosyllabic words, reading fused multisyllabic words, sentences and text.

The order in which the letters are studied matters. Usually, this order is consistent with how often they appear in written speech. This avoids reading isolated letters and syllables.

first group – the vowels (a, e, o, i, u, u);
second group – the sonorous consonant sounds (n, r, l, m, y), according to the frequency of use in the children's vocabulary, after which the letter ya is studied;
third group - voiceless and voiced consonant sounds, arranged in pairs according to the greater frequency of use of the voiceless consonant sound (t - e, c - h, k - d, p - b, f - c, sh - g);
fourth group - the letters х, х, ц, шт, ю, ь.

Here are some simple exercises. For this you need to have cards that you can easily make at home.

On plain cardboard, draw rectangles (which will become cards) in the size of your choice, 30 pcs. You can cut them together with the child if he can. Then write the letters in print - upper and lower case. It is desirable that they are colorful:

the vowels in red (for example Aa, Ee, Oo in light red, and Uh, Ii, Uu in red with a more yellow-orange shade);
sonorous consonants (n, p, l, m, j) consonants in light green;
voiced and voiceless consonants (t – e, s – h, k – d, p – b, f – c, w – g) in dark and light blue, respectively;
the last group of letters (х, х, ц, шт, ю, ж) in dark green or soft purple

The same cards with handwritten letters
Pictures, with 3 to 5 matches for each letter. For example, for the letter Tt - television, tank, ball, telephone, for the letter Ff - lantern, lighthouse, felt-tip pen, etc. The pictures can be drawn by you, if you know how, or you can cut, print from the Internet. It is desirable that there are not many images in the picture, except for the main one, so that the child does not get confused or the main image stands out from the background.

Repeat each exercise three times a day, about a minute each. The interval between classes is arbitrary, but not less than half an hour.

Getting to know the letters

Introduce the child to a maximum of three letters per day, following the order described above. With each letter, you list each exercise in the series.
Use the letter and picture board to show the child the different letters, their sound and the picture, emphasizing the first letter of the word. It is important that the child remembers the letter and not the picture that represents it. Show the graphic image of the letter, say the sound and show the different pictures at the same time. Examples:
letter Aa as A-fold, A-kula, A-nanas;
letter Bb as B-urkan, B-anan, B-obar;
letter Pp as P-iba, P-adio, etc.

Exercise 1

Take the card with the letter Aa and arrange next to it several pictures that start with this letter (pineapple, lamb, shark - the child must look at the card, pronounce the sound A and associate it with the pictures.

Exercise 2

You take a card with the letter Aa and next to it you put pictures whose names start with A and other letters (eg shark, pineapple, fish, frog, rhinoceros). The child must match the letter with the correct picture

Exercise 3

You put a picture KON and next to it several letters, one of which must be Kk - the child must connect the picture with the correct letter.

Exercise 4

Take a children's book with the largest possible letters and have the child point to the letter you are currently learning (lowercase and uppercase). Then repeat the same exercise with text in smaller letters than any book, newspaper, magazine.

Exercise 5

While repeating the letter and speaking it, take the child's hand and run his index finger along the outline of the letter (at first only the capital letters, at a later stage also the small letters)

Exercise 6

Here we will practice basic writing. Help him by guiding his hand. Use capital letters:

let the child try to "draw" the letter rather than write it. For this purpose, use a plain white sheet instead of the standard notebook with narrow and wide rows (leave it for the time at school);
show him how he can model the letter with plasticine;
collect small pebbles and try together with the child to "arrange" the letter;
draw together the letter on the asphalt with chalk, make it big. Let the child go through the outlines and.

References:

https://minikar.ru/bg/zdorove/kak-nauchit-rebenka-zapominat-bukvy-i-chitat-slova-i-predlozheniya-celikom/
http://doverie-bg.net/index.php/polezno/za-roditeli/223-kak-da-nauchim-deteto-da-chete
https://logopedico.com/kak-da-nauchim-deteto-da-chete/