Предлози In или А на италиански Притежателни местоимения в италианския Volerci sostantivo participio passato irregolare Неправилни глаголи Местоимения за пряко допълнение Причастие на италиански
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Минало свършено време на италиански (Passato Prossimo)

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Употребата на минало свършено време в италианския език (passato prossimo) е основата за изразяване на приключили действия в миналото.

Образуване на минало свършено време на италиански

AVERE

ESSE

 in the current time +  past participle

PAST PARTICIPLE – past participle – correct

I ref. II ref. III ref.
-ARE → -ATO -ERE → -UTO -IRE → -ITO
go – went

to speak – spoken

to work-to work

 to sell – sold

to see – seen

to lose – lost

 to leave – to leave

finish – finished

to sleep – to sleep
Present tense – Presente Past perfect tense – Passato prossimo
I speak. I speak. I spoke. Io yes spoken
You speak. You speak. You speak. You hello spoken
He/she speaks. He/she speaks. He/she speaks. Him/her yes spoken
We are talking We are talking. We talked. Noi we have spoken
You are speaking. You speak. You spoke. You you have spoken
They speak. They are talking. They spoke. loro have spoken
  • With an auxiliary verb TO BE, past participle agrees by gender and number!!
  • With an auxiliary verb AVERE past participle does not change !!

  • Verbs with TO BE

1.     Verbs of motion go – I am going, come – I am coming, arrive – I am arriving, return – I'm coming back, to leavee – I am getting on,climbere – I am getting off, young mane – I arrive, enter – I enter, exit – I go out, partire – I leave…
2.     Verbs for standing still and staying

 

 look – I am standing, remain – I stay, rest – I stay…
3.     Reflexive verbs

 

 rise – I get up (from the chair, for example), to wake up – I wake up, to wash – I wash…
4.     Intransitive verbs

§ state of existence

§ uncontrollable change of state

§ who have no object on which to perform the action

§ do not use a direct complement

§ verbs in the passive voice

 to be – I am, to be born – I am born, to die – I am dying, succeed – I succeed, pleasure – I like it, to cost – it costs, to become – I become some kind of something, to sow – I look (good, bad), last – lasts, continues, serve – serves (for something), fall – I fall

  • Verbs with AVERE

1.     Some intransitive verbs

 

 to sleep – I am sleeping, ride – I laugh, pioneere – I cry, walking – I am walking, to work – I work, travel – I am traveling…
2.     Transitive verbs

§ who have an object on which to perform the action

§ use a direct object

 Almost all verbs : to call – I call someone, I call someone, ask – I ask, please, eat – I eat, say – I say, to speak – I speak, read – I read, write – I write…

  • Verbs with AVERE and TO BE

to begin I started to read – I started reading. The movie it has begun one hour ago – The movie started an hour ago.
finish Luca has finished to study – Luke finished studying. The lesson no it's still finite – The lesson is not over yet.
change When will you you have changed the house? – When did you move house? Laura it is changed lately – Laura has changed lately.
pass The boys they have passed two weeks at the seaside – The boys spent two weeks at sea. We are past from Anna – We passed through Ana
  • The particles: sempre – always, mai – never, ancora – still, giá – already, appena – barely, just now, piú – more, anche – also- usually stand between the auxiliary verb and the past participle

Laura is always stata gentile con me. – Laura has always been kind to me.

Enrico, hi gia finito di studiare? – Enrico, are you done studying yet?

Rita is just now uscita di casa – Rita just left home

Clara and I are not the same. again arrivate in ufficio – Carla and I haven't arrived at the office yet

Guys, why don't you have May parlato di questa storia? – guys, why haven't you ever talked about this story?

Alfredo and Dora don't have more detto niente – Alfredo and Dora said nothing more

Yes also dormito un po' – I even slept a little – É venuta also Alice – Alice also came

Modal verbs – MODAL VERBS in min.time

  • Past participle – correct

dovere must duvoto

potere can potuto

volere I want voluto

  • AVERE or TO BE – it depends on what auxiliary verb the semantic verb requires
  • Construction:

have/ to be + min. ex. modal verb + inf.

TO BE AVERE
 

DOVER

 I am obliged. start yesterday – I should have left yesterday. I had to fare breakfast in a hurry – I had to have a quick breakfast.
 

POTERE

 No we could go a Roma – We couldn't go to Rome

 

 With that noise, not we have could to study – We couldn't study with this noise.
 

LOVE

 Laura it is a volute come alone at the party – Laura wanted to come to the celebration alone. Giulio not yes will continue this story – Giulio didn't want to continue this story.

 © 2025 Iliana Dechkova

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