Изучаването на формите за причастие на италиански език (participio) ни помага да разберем как се изграждат сложните времена и глаголните признаци. Причастието е нелична форма на глагола, която означава резултат от действие или признак. В ита
PRESENT PARTICIPLE – PARTICIPIO PRESENTE
Formation: we remove the ending of the infinitive and add the ending for the corresponding conjugation
| 1st conjugation | 2nd conjugation | 3rd conjugation |
| – are…… – ante/i | – ere……. – ente/i | – ire…………. ente/i |
Usage
- as an adjective: The walk was truly pleasant – The walk was really nice.
- as a verb: The boy dancing = that dances – The boy who dances
- as a noun: They are good. assistants – They are wonderful helpers
PAST PARTICIPLE – PARTICIPIO PASSATO
Formation: we remove the ending of the infinitive and add the ending for the corresponding conjugation
| 1st conjugation | 2nd conjugation | 3rd conjugation |
| – are…… – ato | – ere……. – Tue | – ire…………. ito |
There are also many irregular past participle forms (see the list at the end of the guide).
Usage
- as a noun: The walk it was really pleasant – The walk was really nice.
- as an adjective: I fratelli Rossi sono delle persone distracted – The Rossi brothers are absent-minded people
- absolute participle:
- when expressing an action that will take place before another action: Tornado a casa faro un bel bagno = Dopo che saró tornata a casa…. – When I get home, I'll take a nice shower.
- when it expresses an action that was performed before another action: Exit di casa, ho notato che avevo dimenticato le chiavi = Dopo essere uscito…. – When I left the house, I realized I had forgotten my keys.
Types of times
- Simple/ Semplici – are formed by adding the ending of the corresponding tense to the root
- Compounds/Composti – we conjugate the auxiliary verb in the appropriate tense and add the past participle of the semantic verb
Verb conjugation
- Demonstrative/ Indicativo – the speaker presents the given thing as a fact
- Subjunctive/ Congiuntivo – the speaker expresses a subjective point of view
- Conditional/ Condizionale – the speaker expresses desires, intentions, ideas
- Imperative/Imperativo – the speaker expresses an invitation, order, request
Auxiliary verbs
Спомагателните глаголи в италианския език са два: TO BE и AVERE. Те се използват самостоятелно ( със собствения си смисъл СЪМ и ИМАМ) и за образуване на сложните времена, където губят смисъла си. Спрягат се неправилно.
| Slopes/times | simple times | complicated times |
|
Indicative mood
Indicative Mode |
Present – Present
Future simple – Future Imperfetto – Min.unfinished Past tense – Min. done/min. historical |
Past tense – Min. done
Future ahead – Future in advance Passed away next – Past tense Remotely passed – Past tense |
| Conditional mood
Conditional Mode |
Simple conditional – Present conditional | Conditional compost – Past conditional |
|
Subjunctive mood Subjunctive mood |
Congress Present – Present
Cong. Imperfetto – Min.unfinished
|
Cong. Past – Min. done
Cong. Trapassato – Past tense |
| Imperative mood
Imperative Mood |
Imperative form – Imperative form |
I AM and I HAVE in PRESENT TENSE
PRESENTE INDICATIVO di ESSERE ed AVERE
TO BE – I AM AVERE – I HAVE
io sono io ho
tu sei tu hai
lui, lei é lui, lei ha
Lei é Lei ha
noi siamo noi abbiamo
voi siete voi avete
loro sono loro hanno
The polite form in Italian is in the 3rd person singular – Vi = Lei
- ESSERCI – HAS (impersonal)
In Italian, when we want to indicate that there is something somewhere, we use the verb ESSERCI, not AVERE. The impersonal verb IMA is conjugated in the 3rd person singular or plural
unit plural.
c' é ci sono
C'é una machine di fronte la casa mia – There is a (some) car in front of the house.
There are many students in the class – There are many students in the class.
- Modal verbs – Modal verbs
BELIEVE – BE Able – WILL / I NEED – I CAN – I WANT /
At some times they are correct, at others they are incorrect.
They are used with another verb that remains in the infinitive; there is no preposition between the two verbs (in Bulgarian we put the particle "да": „"I can/want/have to go"”).
When we have a construction MAIN + SUBJECT VERB (the subject is the same), then the main verb can be modal or regular; in the second variant, there is a preposition between the two verbs.
| MODAL + INFINITIVE | VERB + PREPOSITION + INFINITIVE |
| Devoh dare to Marco this book – I have to give Marco this book
Paul wants to go al cimena stasera – Paolo wants to go at the cinema tonight The boys they can't do The exercises – The children they can't do the exercises |
Let's go. spese – We are going shopping.
Laura start preparing la cena – Laura starts preparing dinner I can't finish. tutto – I can't get everything done |
Ако имате въпроси как се образува това причастие на италиански, оставете коментар под публикацията!
© 2026 Iliana Dechkova
