Съществително име на италиански (Il Sostantivo): Род и число - Магията на изкуството-слово, музика и танц

Изучаването на всяко съществително име на италиански (il sostantivo) започва с разбирането на правилата за неговия род и число.

Различаваме два рода, мъжки и женски. Родът на съществителното се определя според окончанието.

unit plural

O – M.Sc. – I
E – M.Sc. / b.r. – I
A – g.r. – E

M.R.

J.R.

unit

plural

unit

plural

the fathere

the hearte

the bookabout

friendabout

the hotelabout

studentis

helloabout

my fatheri

my hearti

I'm a librarian.i

my friendi

the hotelsi

the studenti

you are welcomei

the madre

the rooma

the keye

frienda

the herba

the studenta

the daya

the madi

the roome

the keyi

the friende

the coat of armse

the studente

todaye

Exceptions and features

Features of the plural

rule	examples
Words ending in a stressed vowel in the plural do not change the ending ü from zh.r. end in accented -U, -I, -А ü from m.r. end in stressed -E, -O	the city the coffee freedom the tribe the analysis		the city and coffee the freedom the tribe the analysis
Words ending in a consonant are from m.r. and in the plural the ending does not change.	the bar the movie lo sport the bus the bus		and bar and movie the sports I am Pullman. the buses
Words ending in –gramma and – drama are from m.r. and in the plural the ending changes to – i.	the program the diagram		the programs and diagrams
Irregular plural	the pair the egg the man the hand the pajamas		the money the eggs the men my hands and my pajamas
Words that only have plurals			the glasses the money the cutlery the wedding
Words that do not change the ending from singular to plural	the photo the radio the analysis the hypothesis the diagnosis		the photo the radio the analysis the hypotheses the diagnosis
Words ending in the suffix -zione are to zh.r.	the action the lesson the nation		the actions the lessons the nations
Determining gender by meaning	The names of the trees are from m.r. il melo – apple l'arancio - orange exceptions: the oak – oak la vite – vine The directions of the world are m.r. East, West, North, South The days of the week are m.r. Lunedí, Martedi, Mercoledí, Venerdí, Sabato (excl. Domenica)		The names of the fruits are zh.r. la mela – apple l'arancia - orange exceptions: il fico – fig tree il dattero – date sciences and abstract concepts are zh.r. mathematics, biology, beauty
Words with double plural with different meanings	the arm – hand the same –finger the bone –bone	my arms-backrests and children – fingers the bones – bones		the arms – hands these days – the fingers of the hand the bones – the bones as a whole
	the foundation –base the eyelash – eyelash the cry – shout the member – member the scream – scream	the foundations – fundamentals of teaching the bricks – edges of a ditch the grids – animal cries and members – members the screams – animal screams		the foundations – building foundations the eyelashes – eyelashes the grid – shouts of people the members – limbs he screams – people screaming

2.. Особености в правописа при преминаване в множественото число

Graduations – M.R.	examples	Endings – railway	examples
-co -chi	package – packages	-ga -ghe	line – righe
-go – ghi	lake – lakes	-ica -iche	friend – friends
-ico – here	friend – friends	-cia -ce	shirt – shirt
-io – i	armario -armadi	-cia -cie	pharmacyia – farmacie
-ío – íi	zio – zii	-gia -ge	beach – beaches
		-gie -gie	bugia – bugie

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